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Viroids are of economic significance because they cause disease in


A) plants.
B) animals.
C) humans.
D) all of the choices

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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In which of the following stages of the viral infectious cycle do enveloped viruses usually acquire their envelopes?


A) penetration
B) component biosynthesis
C) assembly
D) release

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Viral capsid protein subunits are called


A) auxomers.
B) elastomers.
C) protomers.
D) viromers.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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The simplest viruses consist of


A) RNA only.
B) Protein only.
C) RNA or DNA in a protein coat.
D) RNA or DNA in a protein coat covered with lipid envelope.
E) RNA,DNA and enzymes in a protein coat with a lipid envelope.

F) B) and E)
G) None of the above

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The mechanism of pathogenesis by prions may involve a conformational change in the prion protein (PrP)to an abnormal form.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following is not true of viruses?


A) Viruses are acellular.
B) Viruses consist of one or more molecules of DNA or RNA enclosed in a coat of protein and sometimes in other more complex layers.
C) Viruses can exist in two phases: intracellular and extracellular.
D) Viruses replicate by binary fission.

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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Microscopic or macroscopic degenerative changes or abnormalities in infected host cells and tissues are called __________ __________.

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