Question 1

What is Mill's Greatest Happiness Principle? How does Mill understand happiness?

Accepted Answer

Mill's Greatest Happiness Principle, als...

Question 2

Dougherty main conclusion in this paper is:

Accepted Answer

A)   It is wrong but not seriously so to deceive someone into sex by lying about run-of-the-mill personal features if such features would be a deal breaker for the victim of the deception.
B)   Nonconsensual sex is wrong not because of the harm done to victims but because of the right to sexual autonomy and one's body that it violates.
C)   In cases of deceiving someone into sex, lying about one's religion or ethnicity is seriously wrong but lying about one's profession or natural hair color is not seriously wrong.
D)   It is seriously wrong to deceive someone into sex by lying about run-of-the-mill personal features if such features would be a deal breaker for the victim of the deception.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 3

A hypothetical imperative is:

Accepted Answer

A)   An imperative that tells us what anyone who faces an imaginary moral dilemma ought to do.
B)   An imperative that says that something is good to do even for a will that does not represent it as practically necessary.
C)   An imperative that says that something is good to do to attain some further goal.
D)   An imperative that applies to everyone, regardless of their particular interests or goals.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 4

Sinnott-Armstrong argues that although individuals have no obligation to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions, governments do have an obligation to reduce their citizens' emissions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Abbate argues that the only civilians who count as "protected civilians" are the soldiers' co-nationals and civilians from allied countries.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

McMahan argues that the obligation to obey military commanders sometimes justifies soldiers' participation in an unjust war.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Wiredu defines morality as the observance of social rules for the harmonization of people's interests, motivated by concern for others' interests.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which of the following would count as an objection to Nell's argument that famine deaths are a case of killing someone and not a case of allowing someone to die, because had we acted differently or had no causal influence, those deaths would not have occurred?

Accepted Answer

A)   Famine deaths resulting from the actions of many are not clearly cases of killing rather than allowing people to die, because if a single person acted differently or had no causal influence, those deaths still would have occurred.
B)   Famine deaths are cases both of killing someone and allowing people to die because both people's causal influences and events outside their control are to blame for those deaths.
C)   Famine deaths are not a case of allowing someone to die because governments could have acted differently by distributing resources more effectively to prevent those deaths.
D)   Since famine deaths are the result of government inaction rather than action, they are thus cases of allowing people to die rather than killing, but both are equally wrong.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 9

What point is Mencius making in the story from 2A6 about the child who is about to fall into a well?

Accepted Answer

A)   That people's natural reaction to the child falling into the well demonstrates that everyone has a natural feeling of compassion.
B)   That people's natural reaction to the child varies according to the virtue of the person who sees the child.
C)   That people's actions are ultimately what matter morally, not their feelings.
D)   That people's feelings can be valuable guides, but feelings alone will not save the child from the well.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 10

How does Wiredu define morality?

Accepted Answer

A)   As the observance of rules for the harmonization of competing interests in a society.
B)   As the observance of rules for the harmonization of competing interests in a society, inspired by sympathetic identification with the interests of others.
C)   As the observance of the social customs of a society that dictate the proper behavior for occupants of each social role.
D)   As the observance of the social customs of a society that dictate the proper behavior for occupants of each social role, when done out of respect for those customs.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 11

How does Strawser respond to the objection that drones contribute to targeted assassinations that are forbidden by the rules of war?

Accepted Answer

A)   By arguing that the rules of war ought to allow targeted assassinations because they are not, in principle, any different from other kinds of killing in war.
B)   By pointing out that the fact that drones can be used for impermissible assassinations does not force policy makers to use them for that purpose.
C)   By reminding the reader that Strawser's conclusion applies only to legitimate military objectives, not to targeted assassinations.
D)   By insisting that drones are not any more effective at targeted assassinations than are other means of assassination.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Which of the following can we infer from Singer's argument that we should prevent something bad from happening if it is within our power to do so and we need not sacrifice anything of comparable moral importance?

Accepted Answer

A)   Any time someone buys a product that is not a basic need, one is failing to adhere to Singer's principle because there are others in the world who do not have their basic needs met.
B)   One must spend sixty percent of one's energy and time calculating what is of comparable moral significance to preventing famine relief.
C)   One should do everything in one's power to fight against the devastation of climate change, which may threaten humanity's entire existence.
D)   One should always prevent harm from happening to oneself because there is nothing of greater moral importance to oneself.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

According to Mill, why is it wrong to tell a lie to spare yourself a momentary embarrassment?

Accepted Answer

A)   Because one can never be certain whether others will discover the lie, which would upset them and further embarrass you.
B)   Because the pleasure that comes from knowing that you are an honest person outweighs the pain of momentary embarrassment.
C)   Because it weakens one's commitment to telling the truth and others' expectations of honesty, both of which are critical to promoting the overall happiness.
D)   Because suffering embarrassment might be painful for you, but being deprived of the truth will cause others more pain in the long run.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 14

Why does Garcia think that prejudice is not essential to racism?

Accepted Answer

A)   Prejudice could be based on other forms of oppressions such as sexism, classism, or ableism.
B)   Prejudice is a matter of feeling, whereas racism is a matter of beliefs.
C)   Prejudice is a cognitive matter, whereas racism is a matter of racial disregard.
D)   Prejudice only exists in institutions, whereas racism is fundamentally individual in nature.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

Marquis claims that it is wrong to kill an adult human being because it robs the victim of his or her future life and all the projects and experiences that go with it.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which of the following can we infer from Rachels's claim that outside the realm of medicine, most cases of killing are more reprehensible than most cases where one is allowed to die?

Accepted Answer

A)   In most cases of killing outside of medical contexts the killer's intentions are more reprehensible than the intentions of one who simply allows another to die.
B)   Unlike cases of killing outside of medical contexts, in most cases of allowing one to die outside of medical contexts, the victim's death is not an intended consequence.
C)   Unlike most cases of killing within medical contexts, in most cases of letting someone die within medical contexts, the patient's death is not an intended consequence.
D)   In most cases of active euthanasia, the doctor's intentions are not any more or less reprehensible than the intentions of a doctor who allows a patient to die.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 17

Why is it possible, according to Aristotle, to perform a brave action without actually being brave?

Accepted Answer

A)   Because being brave requires not only doing the right thing but also having the right feelings and attitudes about that action.
B)   Because sometimes an action that appears to be brave is actually done out of ignorance of danger.
C)   Because bravery is especially concerned with facing great dangers, such as dangers of war, and not everyone faces those dangers.
D)   Because bravery sometimes leads to death or injury, which is inconsistent with happiness.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 18

Woollard argues that if there is a close connection between an agent and a victim or need, then that generates stringent duties to aid, even if such aid requires substantial sacrifices.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

What is Broome's basic conclusion in "Private Morality and Climate Change?"

Accepted Answer

A)   Only governments, not individuals, are obligated to deal with climate change.
B)   Each of us is morally obligated to reduce our carbon footprint to zero by reducing our greenhouse gas emissions where we can and offsetting those we can't eliminate.
C)   Each of us is morally obligated to eliminate wasteful greenhouse gas emissions, but not to make sacrifices that others are not making.
D)   Each of us is morally obligated to buy as many greenhouse gas offsets as we can afford.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 20

Assume that Nell is correct that third parties have a duty to enforce other's right not to be killed. Which of the following could you infer from that claim?

Accepted Answer

A)   People may have duties to change their social and political institutions, including states and international organizations, to better enforce people's right not to be killed.
B)   If person A kills person B in self-defense, then B's right not to be killed is violated although A's actions are morally permissible.
C)   People have duties to enforce the laws within their own countries to prevent the deaths of their fellow citizens but do not have duties to prevent deaths in other countries.
D)   The duty to enforce person A's right not to be killed will require that one kills others who are trying to killE) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Exam 13: Aristotle's Ethics: Exploring Virtue and Justice

What is Broome's basic conclusion in "Private Morality and Climate Change?"

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Which of the following can we infer from Rachels's claim that outside the realm of medicine, most cases of killing are more reprehensible than most cases where one is allowed to die?

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Assume that Nell is correct that third parties have a duty to enforce other's right not to be killed. Which of the following could you infer from that claim?

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According to Mill, why is it wrong to tell a lie to spare yourself a momentary embarrassment?

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A hypothetical imperative is:

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Sinnott-Armstrong argues that although individuals have no obligation to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions, governments do have an obligation to reduce their citizens' emissions.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following can we infer from Singer's argument that we should prevent something bad from happening if it is within our power to do so and we need not sacrifice anything of comparable moral importance?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Woollard argues that if there is a close connection between an agent and a victim or need, then that generates stringent duties to aid, even if such aid requires substantial sacrifices.

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McMahan argues that the obligation to obey military commanders sometimes justifies soldiers' participation in an unjust war.

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Why does Garcia think that prejudice is not essential to racism?

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Which of the following would count as an objection to Nell's argument that famine deaths are a case of killing someone and not a case of allowing someone to die, because had we acted differently or had no causal influence, those deaths would not have occurred?

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How does Wiredu define morality?

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Abbate argues that the only civilians who count as "protected civilians" are the soldiers' co-nationals and civilians from allied countries.

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Why is it possible, according to Aristotle, to perform a brave action without actually being brave?

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What is Mill's Greatest Happiness Principle? How does Mill understand happiness?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIMill's Greatest Happiness Principle, als...View AnswerShow Answer

How does Strawser respond to the objection that drones contribute to targeted assassinations that are forbidden by the rules of war?

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Dougherty main conclusion in this paper is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Wiredu defines morality as the observance of social rules for the harmonization of people's interests, motivated by concern for others' interests.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Marquis claims that it is wrong to kill an adult human being because it robs the victim of his or her future life and all the projects and experiences that go with it.

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What point is Mencius making in the story from 2A6 about the child who is about to fall into a well?

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Mill's Greatest Happiness Principle, als...
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