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Exam 9: Weathering and Soils

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Question 1

Multiple Choice

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-Complete the following weathering concept map by selecting the correct term for number 5.

A) Hydrolysis
B) Physical
C) Wedging
D) Chemical
E) Unloading

F) C) and E)
G) None of the above

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Question 2

Multiple Choice

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-Complete the following weathering concept map by selecting the correct term for number 1.

A) Hydrolysis
B) Physical
C) Wedging
D) Chemical
E) Unloading

F) A) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Question 3

True/False

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High temperatures increase the rate of chemical weathering.

Which scenario would result in the most erosion?

The following is from Environmental Compliance in U.S. Agricultural Policy: Past Performance and Future Potential, by Roger Claassen, Vince Breneman, Shawn Bucholtz, Andrea Cattaneo, Robert Johansson, and Mitch Morehart, AER-832, USDA/ERS, June 2004. Since its inception in the 1930s, U.S. agricultural policy has been designed to support farmers' incomes while promoting soil conservation practices. By the 1970s, however, policymakers recognized that existing farm price and income support programs were not always consistent with soil conservation efforts. An unintended effect of these programs was to encourage producers to maintain or expand production of relatively erosive crops, such as row crops (corn, cotton, soybeans) , sometimes on highly erosion-prone soils. At the same time, the Government was helping farmers reduce soil erosion and related damages through conservation cost-sharing programs. Policymakers further recognized-aside from concerns about consistency-that farm program payments could be used as incentives to encourage better conservation behavior. -What processes play the most important role in soil formation?

The following is from Environmental Compliance in U.S. Agricultural Policy: Past Performance and Future Potential, by Roger Claassen, Vince Breneman, Shawn Bucholtz, Andrea Cattaneo, Robert Johansson, and Mitch Morehart, AER-832, USDA/ERS, June 2004. Since its inception in the 1930s, U.S. agricultural policy has been designed to support farmers' incomes while promoting soil conservation practices. By the 1970s, however, policymakers recognized that existing farm price and income support programs were not always consistent with soil conservation efforts. An unintended effect of these programs was to encourage producers to maintain or expand production of relatively erosive crops, such as row crops (corn, cotton, soybeans) , sometimes on highly erosion-prone soils. At the same time, the Government was helping farmers reduce soil erosion and related damages through conservation cost-sharing programs. Policymakers further recognized-aside from concerns about consistency-that farm program payments could be used as incentives to encourage better conservation behavior. -Slope of the land surface:

-Complete the following weathering concept map by selecting the correct term for number 4.

-Complete the following weathering concept map by selecting the correct term for number 2.

Biologic weathering occurs at both the macro- and micro-levels.

The following is from Environmental Compliance in U.S. Agricultural Policy: Past Performance and Future Potential, by Roger Claassen, Vince Breneman, Shawn Bucholtz, Andrea Cattaneo, Robert Johansson, and Mitch Morehart, AER-832, USDA/ERS, June 2004. Since its inception in the 1930s, U.S. agricultural policy has been designed to support farmers' incomes while promoting soil conservation practices. By the 1970s, however, policymakers recognized that existing farm price and income support programs were not always consistent with soil conservation efforts. An unintended effect of these programs was to encourage producers to maintain or expand production of relatively erosive crops, such as row crops (corn, cotton, soybeans) , sometimes on highly erosion-prone soils. At the same time, the Government was helping farmers reduce soil erosion and related damages through conservation cost-sharing programs. Policymakers further recognized-aside from concerns about consistency-that farm program payments could be used as incentives to encourage better conservation behavior. -What is the main way by which ions are removed from soils?

Predict the quality of soils in a tropical rain forest.

Identical marble statues were erected at the same time in four cities with the following climate characteristics. Using the chart above, which town's statue will undergo the most weathering in a 50-year period?

What combination of conservation techniques will best reduce soil loss from a sloped field?

Quartz is easily weathered compared to other minerals.

Porosity describes how rapidly water moves through a rock.

Soils renew at a rate that is much slower than the rate by which they presently erode.

The pH value of a solution decreases with increasing concentrations of hydrogen ions.

Regolith is essentially the same as soil.

Carbonic acid forms when carbon dioxide reacts with rainwater.

How does physical weathering change the surface area of rocks and affect the rate of chemical weathering?